Outdoor Safety & First Aid Knowledge
1. Pre-Trip Preparation
- Risk Assessment: Study terrain, weather patterns, and wildlife activity.
- Fitness Check: Consult doctors for chronic conditions; conduct load-bearing training.
2. Essential Gear Checklist
- Navigation: Topographic map, GPS, compass.
- First Aid Kit: Tourniquet, Israeli bandage, antihistamines, emergency blanket.
3. Emergency Protocols
| Injury Type | First Aid Steps | |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Bleeding | Direct pressure → Elevate limb → Tourniquet (loosen every 60 mins) | |
| Heat Stroke | Move to shade → Remove clothing → Cool with wet cloths | |
| Hypothermia | Replace wet clothes → Warm sweet drinks → Body-to-body heat transfer |
4. Survival Skills
- Water Purification: Boil for 3+ minutes or use iodine tablets.
- Signaling: Three fires/SOS smoke signals; mirror flashes for aircraft.
5. Ethical Principles
- Follow Leave No Trace (LNT) ethics.
- Join Wilderness First Responder (WFR) courses annually.
Further Reading:
- Outdoor Emergency Care Textbook (NSP Edition)
- WHO Wilderness Medicine Guidelines